Background: Oral candidiasis is a common fungal infection, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. Despite the effectiveness of antifungal treatments, recurrence rates, and treatment resistance remain challenges. Probiotics have shown potential as a complementary therapy, but evidence from randomized controlled trials is limited. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of probiotics in managing oral candidiasis. Materials and methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 100 participants diagnosed with oral candidiasis, divided into a probiotic group (n = 50) and a control group (n = 50). Participants in the probiotic group received probiotics alongside standard antifungal treatment, while the control group received only antifungal treatment. The primary outcomes were the reduction in Candida colony-forming units (CFUs) and clinical improvement using the oral candidiasis severity index (OCSI). Secondary outcomes included patient-reported pain and discomfort measured by VAS scores. Data were collected at baseline, day 7, and day 14. Results: Out of 100 participants, 75 completed the study. At baseline, both groups had comparable Candida CFU counts and OCSI scores. By day 14, the probiotic group showed a significantly greater reduction in CFU counts (300 vs 600, p = 0.001) and OCSI scores (1.2 vs 2.8, p = 0.0001) compared to the control group. The probiotic group also reported significantly lower pain and discomfort by day 14 (VAS score: 1.5 vs 3.1, p = 0.0001). Adverse events were minimal and included mild gastrointestinal discomfort in the probiotic group. Conclusion: Probiotics, when used as an adjunct to antifungal therapy, significantly reduce Candida colonization and improve clinical outcomes in oral candidiasis. Probiotics were well tolerated and provided a promising complementary treatment option for managing this condition. Further studies are recommended to explore long-term benefits and recurrence prevention.

Background: Tooth extraction is a common dental procedure that, while generally safe, may induce a variety of postoperative experiences, including potential changes in breathing. This study aimed to explore and document the breathing changes experienced by patients following routine tooth extraction, focusing on the subjective experiences of discomfort related to pain, anxiety, and inflammation. Materials and methods: This qualitative study was conducted with 20 adult patients aged 18–60 years who underwent routine tooth extractions. Participants were recruited using purposive sampling. In-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted within 2 weeks post-extraction to explore any changes in breathing patterns. Thematic analysis was employed to identify common themes and patterns in the participants’ experiences. Ethical approval was obtained, and informed consent was secured from all participants. Results: Five key themes emerged from the analysis: (1) Immediate breathing discomfort; (2) Anxiety-induced breathing changes; (3) Pain-related breathing changes; (4) Inflammation and swelling impact on breathing, and (5) Resolution and adaptation. A majority of participants (70%) reported mild, transient breathing discomfort immediately following the extraction, primarily attributed to anxiety and pain. These symptoms generally resolved within a few days without the need for medical intervention. Conclusion: The study found that breathing changes following tooth extraction are typically mild, transient, and closely linked to anxiety, pain, and postoperative inflammation. These findings highlight the importance of addressing anxiety and pain management in post-extraction care to enhance patient comfort. Future research should include larger samples and objective measures to further understand the relationship between dental procedures and respiratory function.

Background: Breastfeeding is widely acknowledged as beneficial for both infant and maternal health. Maternal education significantly influences breastfeeding practices, which can, in turn, impact children's oral health outcomes. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between maternal education status and the duration of breastfeeding and its association with various oral health parameters in children aged 2–5 years. Methodology: The study employed a cross-sectional observational design, examining 188 dyads comprising mothers and their children. A structured questionnaire was employed to gather information on maternal education, breastfeeding practices, and demographic characteristics, which was subsequently complemented by an oral health assessment of the children. Primary outcome measures included breastfeeding duration and oral health parameters, such as dental caries, oral hygiene [assessed using the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S)], and malocclusions. Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, analysis of variance, Chi-square tests, and multiple linear regression analysis to identify independent predictors of the outcomes. Results: Mothers with higher education breastfed for a significantly longer duration (mean: 11.8 ± 3.1 months) compared with those with lower education (mean: 8.4 ± 2.6 months) (p < 0.001). Children who were breastfed for 6 months or more had better oral hygiene scores (mean OHI-S: 1.5 ± 0.4) compared with those breastfed for less than 6 months (mean OHI-S: 2.1 ± 0.6) (p < 0.001). However, prolonged breastfeeding beyond 12 months was associated with an increased risk of malocclusions (χ² = 7.45, p = 0.006). Multiple linear regression analysis confirmed maternal education as a significant predictor of both breastfeeding duration (β = 0.42, p < 0.001) and oral hygiene status (β = −0.31, p = 0.002). Conclusion: This study highlights the significant role of maternal education in promoting longer breastfeeding duration and better oral health outcomes in children. However, extended nursing was associated with an increased risk of dental malocclusion. These findings highlight the importance of targeted community health programs focusing particularly on breastfeeding education and oral healthcare guidance, particularly for mothers with lower educational attainment.

Orthodontic aligners have revolutionized the field of orthodontics, providing an esthetically pleasing and comfortable solution for the treatment of malocclusions. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the use of aligners in growing patients, including those with mixed and primary dentition. This review aims to assess how well orthodontic clear aligners work for young patients and offer insights into their usage. Clear aligners are currently being utilized to address dental malocclusions in growing patients, including crossbites, facilitating skeletal modifications, such as arch expansion, and managing skeletal issues like class II malocclusion.

Since the most common reason a patient seeks endodontic therapy is because of intolerable pain, pain management becomes essential during endodontic treatment. In dentistry and medicine, cryotherapy is frequently used as a curative procedure that is thought to be beneficial in lowering inflammation, pain, bleeding, and edema. The idea behind cryotherapy is to transfer heat from the target tissue which is at a higher temperature to the target tissue, which is at a lower temperature. Furthermore, cryogenic treatment is essential for strengthening rotary endodontic files because it provides better cyclic fatigue resistance, which lowers the risk of file separation. Furthermore, it significantly enhances the superelastic Ni–Ti endodontic file-cutting efficiency. More recently, cryotherapy has been demonstrated to be used in conjunction with bioceramic materials.

To perform a successful root canal treatment, one must acquire sufficient access to all root canals, ensure proper mechanical preparation and disinfection, and place a three-dimensional hermetic filling. Practitioners must exercise caution while identifying the root canals in the mandibular first molar teeth, as they exhibit a diverse range of root canal variants. Additionally, being the first permanent tooth to emerge in the mouth, it often needs endodontic treatment. This case report describes the endodontic treatment of a permanent mandibular first molar with two roots, with two mesial canals and three distal canals that merge into a single apical canal (Sert and Bayirli type XVIII). By employing magnification, such as through the use of microscopes or loupes, the likelihood of identifying supplementary canals is improving. Cone-beam computed tomography can assist in the diagnosis of root canal morphology by enabling the accurate detection, search, and decontamination of the root canal system. Managing additional canals can present difficulties, but it is essential to accurately identify and manage these canals in order to prevent postoperative complications.