Background: Self-medication among dental students is a growing concern due to the potential risks of incorrect drug use and adverse health outcomes. Understanding the prevalence and factors influencing self-medication within this group can guide interventions to promote safer practices. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of self-medication and identify the factors associated with this practice among dental students in Bhopal city. Materials and methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional survey was conducted among dental students enrolled at various dental colleges in Bhopal. Using stratified random sampling, students from each year of study were included to ensure representation across different levels of academic exposure. The survey collected data on demographics, self-medication practices, types of drugs used, and reasons for self-medication. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics and inferential statistics to explore associations between study years and self-medication practices. Results: The survey included 200 dental students, with a balanced representation across academic years. The prevalence of self-medication was found to be 70%, with the most common reasons being minor illness management, availability of prior knowledge, and accessibility issues. Higher prevalence rates were observed among senior students, indicating a trend where self-medication practices increased with academic progression. A significant association was found between the year of study and self-medication practices [χ² (3, N = 200) = 10.24, p < 0.05]. Conclusion: Self-medication is highly prevalent among dental students in Bhopal, influenced by academic progression and accessibility to medication. The findings highlight the need for educational programs to address the risks associated with self-medication and promote safer drug use practices among students.